A man with a pick cut channels, wide and thick enough to allow wooden levers to enter, around the rectangular blocks that would be removed from the bedrock. The remains of the quarries at Giza supply some clues to how quarrymen worked. Only the external stone covering of the pyramid traveled a long distance. Quarry may well have helped determine the site for the pyramids.
Quarries were located near the building site of the Great Pyramids of Giza. Experimental archaeology has demonstrated that fewer men were needed to haul blocks of the size found at the Great Pyramid using these methods. A man sprinkled water in front of the sledge, keeping the mud moist, as it proceeded along the track. A painting from the Dynasty 12 tomb of Djeheutyhotep (circa 1842-1818 b.c.e.) the nomarch in the town of Bersheh shows 172 men hauling an approximately 58-ton statue in this manner. Large ropes were secured around the blocks, allowing men to haul them directly to the pyramid site. Such roads have been discovered at Lisht near the Dynasty 12 pyramids of Amenemhet I (circa 1938-1909 b.c.e.) and Senwosret I (circa 1919-1875 b.c.e.).
SIMPLE PYRAMIDS DRAWINGS SERIES
The stone blocks rested on sledges, which resembled modern sleds, and their runners were designed to run on wet mud that was scattered on tracks built from a series of wooden frames filled with limestone chips and covered with plaster. Canals, dug directly to the site of the pyramids, allowed the Egyptians to bring the stone close to the building site by boat. The Autobiography of Weni, a text dating to Dynasty 6 (circa 2350-2170 b.c.e.), also described the hauling of large pieces of granite and alabaster by boat. A relief sculpture carved on the causeway of the pyramid temple of Unas (circa 2371-2350 b.c.e.) depicted a boat carrying granite columns from Aswan to Memphis. Stone, quarried a long distance from the building site, was loaded onto boats. The Egyptians transported the stone used to build the pyramids by boat and sledge. Archaeological remains, relief sculpture, paintings, and experimental archaeology have all contributed to modern knowledge of Egyptian techniques for building the pyramids. The Egyptians used extremely simple technology to accomplish sophisticated ends. They also serve as a good example of the way the Egyptians approached engineering and architecture. The best-known monuments from ancient Egypt are the pyramids of Giza (circa 2585-2510 b.c.e.). Technology and Engineering: Building the Pyramids
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